It features guest vocals from Nigerian afrobeats artist Wizkid and British singer Kyla. He interviewed singers of the musical genres of the Caribbean, those Latin artists who were going to Venezuela to perform and was popularizing this musical style."One Dance" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his fourth studio album, Views (2016). The presenter of that Venezuelan program was called Fidias Danilo Escalona, and he set out to extend those rhythms to Venezuela as well, and he got it. It was a time when Caribbean music had become fashionable in Puerto Rico and New York. You can see the documentary on the history of salsa here below: On Radio Difusora Venezolana, a radio station much listened to at the time, there was a program called "La hora de la Salsa, el sabor y el bembé," which began around noon, just when the houses that listened to it were giving the final touches to food and sauces for it. It is said that this term "salsa" began to be used for the first time for Latin music made in New York in the 1960s. The origins of salsa musicĬontrary to what it may seem, the origins of salsa are not in Cuba, but in Venezuela. and don't stop dancing.ĭo you want to know more?. I'm sure you've heard more than one of these songs. In 2013 it was one of the main themes of the salsa world, and still is.Īfter passing through some groups, Mauro Castillo began a solo career, with themes like this. With a long experience in Latin music, this group from Puerto Rico continues to provide the best music for dancing.ħ - Tirso Duarte & Guayacán, “El más rico beso”Īnother song that plays on the best Latin music stations. One of the artists of the moment, the panamanian Rigoberto Caparrosa, called Rigo "El Negro".Ħ - Los hermanos LeBron, “Qué haces aquí” The 5 salsa songs you've heard the most 5 - Rigo El Negro, “La más bella” The sensual and suggestive voice of Lalo Rodríguez does not cease to sound even today, with this song that was framed in the subgenre that represented salsa, in the decade of the 80s. After a long career, in 2013 he received the most prestigious jazz award in the United States. Palmieri, the " Emperor of Salsa", organized his first orchestra at the age of 14. In that work, "Periódico de Ayer" would be considered the best, among other things for the singer's interpretation, arrangements and lyrics. This song was composed in 1976, within the album "De ti depende". "La vida es un carnaval" was written by Celia Cruz herself, along with Sergio George and Victor Daniel, and released as the first single from the studio album " Mi vida es cantar" in 1998. With this beginning, no one can resist listening to the lyrics of one of the songs that elevated Celia Cruz to the top of the international music scene. “Todo aquel que piense que la vida es desigual, tiene que saber que no es así, que la vida es una hermosura y hay que vivirla…”. The 4 most listened salsa songs in history For the very dancers and for those who don't like to dance, the world of salsa has grown and continues to evolve and you can almost start dancing with 5 simple steps. Salsa has imposed itself all over the world as one of the most danced genres. What songs do you like to dance salsa? If you've been dancing for a while, which ones do you recommend? Tell us about your experience, we would like to read you. If you're learning to dance salsa, most of the songs you hear at your dance academy sound familiar. In this way we will be able to assimilate the movements, and the boy will have the seconds he needs to think about the next movement and indicate it to his partner. The best songs or themes, of the style we like to dance, are almost always the slowest, because they tend to give us a marked rhythm and it will be easier for us to identify the times. When we start to dance, it helps a lot to know the type of music best suited to learn and evolve, to practice what you learned in dance classes at your school.
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Use the links below to view only posts in a particular flair category. Our demographics according to a 100 person survey in October 2014.Mark All Spoilers - No Spoilers In Post Titles.In Particular, No Nina/Alexander/Shou Posts.No Low-Effort, Overused Or Non-FMA-Related Memes FullMetal Alchemist Winry Rockbell Military Cosplay Sale 68.00 128.00 Select options FullMetal Alchemist Winry Rockbell Working Cosplay Sale 68.See the sidebar in the redesign for details. If you want to return the item, please contact us via ebay message or Gmail first and finish the returning process.NOTE: Currently set to private due to Reddit's API changes, see Ĭome post anything related to the Fullmetal Alchemist anime and manga franchise! Questions, discussion, analysis, fan art, cosplay, quality memes, etc. If you do not receive our reply, please kindly re-sent your email and we will reply to you as soon as possible. Envy represents the sin he is named after in Brotherhood he is envious of humans for their inner strength, in 2003 he is envious of the Elric brothers for. Customer Service All emails will be answered within 1 business day. Please note, we will not reimburse any postage costs you incur yourself. Please note, all items returned must be in their original and sufficient packaging. Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood Envy X Edward, HD Png Download. High quality and 100 brand new and tested before shipping. Envy Fullmetal Alchemist Cosplay, HD Png Download Download. If you want to change delivery address please contact us in time. If you have other needs, please send pictures and requests to us. Payment & Warranty W e accept PayPal only. FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST- ENVY cosplay anime Wig - 64.99. There are always uncertainties during shipping, if your item does not show up over the period we estimate to arrive, please feel free to contact us, we'll solve the delivery problems for you. 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The net gain of all the foregoing: 170 horsepower (versus 140 for the MP3, 130 for the base version of the 2.0-liter DOHC 16-valve four) and 155 pound-feet of torque (versus the MP3's 142, 135 base). By limiting boost to a maximum of 6.9 psi, Callaway and Mazda were able to avoid making changes to the engine's internals, although a new catalytic converter was required. A revised Visteon engine-management program increases fuel flow. To keep costs down, Callaway sorted through the Mazda parts bin and borrowed an air-to-air intercooler employed in a European turbo-diesel Protegé, as well as a higher-capacity radiator. Callaway Cars, making its debut deal with an Asian manufacturer, was tapped to add turbocharging to the Protegé's powertrain.Ĭallaway adapted a Garrett T25 ball-bearing turbo with an integral waste gate for the project, developing a unique turbine housing for this application. Although the cast of characters is essentially the same - Mazda, Racing Beat, RacingHart, and Kenwood - there's one new player on the team this time around. So here's the sequel, and this time the kid packs knockout power. We compared it to "an aspiring welterweight fighter with all the moves but no punch." And it prevailed despite a serious shortage of horsepower. The result was the MP3, a brilliant blend of supple ride and athletic handling that emerged as the winner of a five-car hot-compact free-for-all ( "Budget Banditos," November 2001). A little over a year ago, Mazda took its first cut at this project, enlisting the services of Racing Beat, the longtime Mazda tuning shop, to handle suspension development. However, the truth is we've seen this hot-rod-Protegé movie before, albeit at slower speed. In our most recent econobox comparison test ( "Little Cars 6.1," June 2000), a Protegé ES took home the Oscar and has since been updated: more refinement, better handling, more power. Given the foregoing, Mazda could have no more logical starting point than the Protegé, an entry-level compact sedan that also happens to be among the best in its class. It's called Mazdaspeed, and if it turns out to be a profit center, à la Toyota Racing Development, well, so much the better. It's conceived to demonstrate Mazda's commitment to fun-to-drive, and also to help establish a new performance subsidiary that will sell stuff to young owners who want their cars to stand out from the herd. If zoom-zoom is going to have credibility, some of the other Mazdas gotta get some zoom, too. It's equally clear the Miata can't sustain this image building all by itself. That's what the zoom-zoom ad campaign is all about. It's no secret that Mazda wants to be perceived as a purveyor of vehicles that stimulate the driver gratification glands a little more than competing products. We will continue to follow any government advice with regard to how we manage the cafés and other facilities, so please pay attention to the signage you see in the parks that will reflect any measures in place.Įveryone has the right to visit the parks without fear of abuse or harassment, including The Royal Parks employees. Please continue to use your personal judgement to prevent putting yourself and others at risk. Cafés are open, toilets are operational and many of the familiar events and activities across the parks are taking place. Please act responsibly so that the UK government isn’t also forced into banning people from going outside.Following an uncertain couple of years, the Royal Parks are for the most part operating as they were before the Covid pandemic. In Spain, we’re not allowed outside to exercise and it’s frustrating. What’s more, it’s vital to minimise your outdoor activity as much as possible. Remember to thoroughly wash your hands before and after riding – especially if you are using a shared bicycle – and always maintain at least a two-metre distance from people you don’t live with. We need to act responsibly in order to help stop the spread of this virus. People are recommended to stay 2 metres apart from people they don’t live with at all times, including when cycling.Ībove all, please exercise extreme caution during the current COVID-19 crisis. Of course, it should go without saying that you should exercise extreme caution regards to hygiene and social distancing when visiting any bike shop and you should only go for essential trips. One of the largest bike shops, though, Evans Cycles, has said it will be closing it’s own stores for the foreseeable future. Bike shops are one of the few small businesses to have enjoyed something of a boom in recent weeks. Likewise, people take car to disinfect the handlebars after riding too. However, you should exercise extreme caution prior to picking up a bike and should definitely disinfect the handlebars before you start riding. Currently, most (if not all) bike sharing schemes (including London’s Santander Cycles AKA ‘Boris Bikes’) are open for use. Are bike sharing schemes still open and available?īike sharing schemes have seen a spike in use recently, as people look to avoid public transport. Please check your local authorities for the latest guidance on open parks. Many parks have been closed during the lockdown due to high visitor numbers including: READ: Best Cycling Face Masks in 2020 Where is cycling banned during coronavirus? Some exceptions are being made on a case-by-case basis though, due to large numbers of people conglomerating in these areas. In theory, you can still cycle pretty much anywhere that you normally can. Where can you ride a bike during lockdown? While the government has not implemented a strict time or distance limit while cycling, people should aim to minimise the time they spend outside. How long and how far can you ride during lockdown? However, you are allowed to cycle more often if it part of an essential commute (i.e. The UK government announced you can do one form of exercise (e.g. If you to help combat the spread of COVID-19 (and continue to enjoy the option of being able to cycle outside) please do not ride with other people. Likewise, all education cycling courses and programmes have also been postponed. You should not ride a bicycle within 2 metres of anyone you don’t live with.Īll competitive, registered or public recreational ride events have been suspended until (at least) 30 th April. While people are allowed to cycle with people that they live with, it is otherwise not allowed to ride in a group.
This is because, as additional units of variable components are added to a fixed factor,, the efficiency of the inputs initially rises, then falls. The average fixed cost falls as output risesĪt first, the average variable costs will fall and then rise as more units are produced in a firm. The reason for this is that overall fixed costs stay constant regardless of output. The larger the output, the lower the fixed cost per unit (average fixed cost). Entrepreneurship, land, labour, capital goods, and other factors all change over time to achieve the desired level of profits, and the cost of each item contributes to the long-run costs.Ĭost-Output Relationship in the Short Run These costs are incurred on fixed factors of production, such as plant, building, and machinery.Īs the firm’s size of production grows, even fixed costs become variable costs in the long run. it is spread over a wide range of output. The long-run cost is a cost in the production process that has long-term repercussions, i.e. If a firm could sell the additional unit at a price greater than the cost incurred to create the additional unit (marginal cost), the firm may elect to produce the additional unit.īecause of increasing returns at first and then diminishing returns, the short-run marginal cost (SRMC), the short-run average cost (SRAC), and average variable cost (AVC) are all U-shaped. The marginal cost of a firm is used to decide whether or not more units should be produced. The change in short-run total cost owing to a change in the firm’s output is referred to as short-run marginal cost. The change in a firm’s total cost divided by the change in total output is known as marginal cost (MC). It begins to drop, reaches a minimum, and then begins to rise. To compute SRAC, the short-run total cost is divided by the output.Ī firm’s SRAC is U-shaped. The short-run average cost (SRAC) of a firm refers to the per-unit cost of output. The average cost is determined by dividing the total cost by the number of units produced by a firm. The SRTC is calculated by adding fixed and variable costs. As output rises, TVC rises, and as output declines, TVC also declines. These costs are proportionate to a firm’s output. It is a straight horizontal line parallel to the x-axis. Whether a firm produces an output or not, TFC remains constant. These costs are constant regardless of production. An organisation’s Short-Run Total Cost (SRTC) is made up of two cost- TFC and TVC: The total cost is the real cost that a firm incurs to produce a certain level of output. The expenditure made by the producer on factors of production is called the cost of production. As a result, the short-run cost is always considered a variable cost. The short-run cost varies with the change in total output from an analytical standpoint, while the firm’s size remains constant. As a result, the short-run cost includes all costs expended on variable components such as labour and raw materials. In the short run, there exists both fixed as well as variable costs.įor example- Let’s say a firm notice a sudden rise in demand for caps and it realises that the only way to meet the additional demand in the short run is to change the temporary elements, like, the firm can hire more labours or buy raw materials in bulk, but the plant size or machinery cannot be changed to increase the firm’s production capacity of caps. These are the costs that are made only once and cannot be recovered, such as wages, raw material costs, electricity bills and so on. Short-run cost is the price of a product that has short-term implications in the production process, i.e., it is used across a limited number of end products. It does this with double-faction cards, each of which counts as two factions, and mechanics that care about playing others of the same faction. Realms Unraveled is the first expansion to play around with the four factions of the game: Enlightened, Lifebound, Mechana and Void. If you like building up an engine that can do crazy things, this might be the expansion for you. This expansion does introduce more randomness than many of the others, as the distribution of crystals can be uneven, but it also rewards players for intelligent deck-building and many of the cards have great combo potential. Crafting an energy-centric deck is part skill and part luck, but the benefits of doing it well can be huge. These additional resources randomly appear under cards in the centre row and can power up various abilities on cards that care about them. Rise of Vigil introduces a new type of card - Treasure - which takes the form of Energy Crystals. It's essentially a slightly more polished, well-rounded version of the base game, and can be paired with the Immortal Heroes minor expansion for an even better experience. These new mechanics all have the ability to create new options and game states, increasing the variance of the game and the number of viable strategies. Notable mechanics include Fate (cards with Fate do something when they enter the centre row), Events (cards that sit in a separate slot with ongoing effects) and Trophy Monsters (Monsters that a player gains when they're defeated, giving additional bonuses). The first major expansion, Storm of Souls retains a lot of the original's theme and features, but adds a few new mechanics to spice things up. Ascension Expansions Storm of Souls (2011) If you decide to dive in with an expansion rather than the base game (as I did, and didn't regret it) then my hope is that this guide will give you the information you need to make a good decision as to which one to buy. Knowing where to start with a game of this scale might seem pretty overwhelming, but the good news is that you can buy any major expansion and have a great Ascension experience reminiscent of the base game. The success of the original game is such that designer Justin Gary has since created eight major expansions (with a ninth on the way in June), three minor expansions, a team expansion, a stripped back 'Apprentice' version and three collector editions. Ascension is one of the first deck-building games designed, combining polished deck-building mechanics with a unique fantasy theme, distinctive artwork and compelling strategy. Where UPS Small Flat Rate packages start at $12.40 at the time of writing, that’s a good bit of cash back in my pocket that I would have otherwise lost selling on eBay, Facebook, or any other marketplace. If your device is worth less than $100.00, this equates to 10% or more of the final sale value - a huge perk. The free shipping label makes an immediate difference in how much you can expect to receive for an older device. In addition to older model iPhones (iPhone 5 or earlier), a few items they don’t accept include vinyl, cassette and VHS tapes, pirated copies, and promotional items received from a magazine or other publication. If you can’t find the tech item on their list, it means they’re not currently taking it. If Decluttr is accepting your item, you’ll receive an immediate offer. And for Lego products, you need to make sure they are genuine Lego brand and the total weight is at least 1.1 pounds. Decluttr’s free app allows you to scan them rather than enter each item manually. Faulty condition: device may not be working properly or at all (major software problems, significant physical damage, water damage, cracked screens, etc.)īent or crushed devices or those missing components are not eligible for sale.įor CDs, DVDs, games, and other items, you’ll need to enter the barcode.Poor: device works properly but has scuffs, dents, and major scratching.Good: device works properly, has no major damage, and only light signs of wear and tear.There are three options to choose from for your device’s condition: For tech devices and cell phones, choose the make, model, and condition to receive a quote. The site gives you a free instant valuation on all your devices before you send them in. Users report that the process for selling devices is easy, simple, payment is quick, and the Decluttr app and website are intuitive and easy to use.Ĭomplaints generally involve receiving a lower payment than initially offered for a device, and on the buyer’s side, occasionally receiving damaged products. A review of Decluttr’s Trustpilot profile shows that the company also boasts an excellent 4.4 of 5-star rating over 23,000 reviews. They have an A rating and are accredited with the Better Business Bureau (BBB). They act as the middleman so you don’t have to manage a listing, pay for shipping, or deal with buyers.Īccording to the site, Decluttr has paid out more than $300 million to over 6 million customers worldwide. I bought a pristine condition cell phone from their store and immediately sold it back to them.ĭecluttr is a company that buys and resells your old CDs, DVDs, video games, textbooks, and virtually any other technology. With supposed instant cash offers, free shipping, and speedy payouts, I decided to put the company to the test. And then there’s the hassle of finding a buyer, negotiating, and driving to the post office every time an item sells.īut I recently learned there is a more convenient option: selling on Decluttr. I could probably sell the tech items, but ever since I got swindled out of a laptop on eBay, I’m wary of selling my tech online. Since my most recent move, I’ve been struggling with what to do with them. And I don’t necessarily want to give away a set of Blu-rays that cost $20 each. Throwing them out seems like such a waste. But instead of Blu-rays and old CDs, it’s boxes of old tech (laptops, cell phones, cameras, etc.) and books that haven’t seen the light of day in months - some, years. For me, the place that collects clutter is the spare bedroom. It’s the place where your Hot Topic band T-shirts, NOW That’s What I Call Music! CDs, and long-forgotten DVD collection live. Learn more here.ĭo you have an area in your house where all your clutter seems to gravitate? If a purchase or signup is made through one of our Partners’ links, we may receive compensation for the referral. Our number one goal at DollarSprout is to help readers improve their financial lives, and we regularly partner with companies that share that same vision. Moving to a single fleet type allows us to better focus all our resources. Flying two smaller fleets of aircraft wasn’t sustainable or cost-effective. On August 10, 2018, a Horizon Air Bombardier Q400 was stolen from SeattleTacoma International Airport (SeaTac) in Seattle, Washington. It marks a significant milestone for the airline. The airline is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Alaska Air. After successful completion of Private Pilot training, applicants are interviewed for Development Program. Horizon Air is an American regional airline headquartered in SeaTac, Washington, United States. For Horizon, it’s one of the most important things we can do to stabilize our future. The Horizon Air Pilot Development Program gives you a defined path to start your career at Horizon Air. transition from the older Q400 turboprop to a single fleet of modern E175 jets. In 2011, Horizon adopted the Alaska public brand and aircraft paint scheme. Up through 1991, Horizon’s aircraft featured a four-color sun on the tail that would come to be affectionately known as the meatball. The rationale, according to the aforementioned Horizon Air statement, was, Horizon has been Alaska Airlines’ sister carrier since 1986, when it was acquired by Alaska Air Group. Asked about checkride failures, a time I’ve had to manage a problem at work and how I helped mitigate it. Straightforward, but are looking for honest and genuine answers. I just graduated from college and currently looking for a flight attendant job, is there a chance for me to get a job in this airline 3. But first, why did Horizon Air make the decision to retire healthy, efficient Q400 airframes? Even though Horizon Air, according to a press statement, was at one point the world’s largest Q400 operator with 52 aircraft and found the Q400 to be an effective “backbone of our regional flying for two decades,” the time had arrived for Horizon Air to call curtains for the mighty Dash. I interviewed at Horizon Air (Seattle, WA) in Nov 2022. Then Ryder congratulates the pups.Ĭharacters PAW Patrol The illustrated designs of Ryder, Chase, Marshall, Rubble, Skye, Rocky, Zuma, Everest, Tracker, Cap'n Turbot and Robo-Dog, as of Tracker's introduction. When they have finished, Ryder says his catchphrase: "Whenever you're in trouble, just yelp for help!" (or a variation of that in later episodes). The PAW Patrol's missions include rescuing people, stopping different dangers, and thwarting the devious plots of Mayor Humdinger of Foggy Bottom in later episodes. They ride a slide down to their vehicles and complete their mission. He chooses several members of the team, normally two first responders, to help solve whatever problem has emerged. Chase announces that the team is ready for action as Ryder tells the pups what has happened. When they reach the top floor, they arrange themselves in a line. Marshall typically arrives last causing a humorous mishap that makes the other pups laugh as the elevator rises, although Rubble causes the elevator gag in some episodes. The team members report to their base, the Lookout, and enter its elevator. Ryder always alerts the dogs via their blinking pet tags. His most frequent callers are an accident-prone marine biologist named Cap'n Turbot and the town's mayor, Mayor Goodway. Ryder, a ten-year-old boy, is advised of a problem by receiving a call for help or by witnessing a situation himself. Episodes normally open with a scene depicting the dogs going about their everyday lives in Adventure Bay, often playing with dog toys or going to the local playground. PlotĮach episode of PAW Patrol follows a similar pattern. In early February 2023, series creator Keith Chapman said in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter magazine that the series could still be on television for another ten years or more. On February 24, 2023, the series was renewed for an eleventh season to air in spring 2024. A spin-off series titled Rubble & Crew premiered in February 2023 which featured primarily Rubble, one of the PAW Patrol pups, and his crew of Bulldogs. A theatrical feature film, titled PAW Patrol: The Movie, was released on August 20, 2021, with a sequel, PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie, scheduled to release theatrically on September 29, 2023. On March 24, 2022, the series has been renewed for a tenth season. The show, and its associated products, have received a variety of awards and nominations from associations such as the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. PAW Patrol toy sales have generated millions of dollars in revenue for the corporation and increased Spin Master's presence in the preschool toy market. Spin Master has developed the show into a media franchise and released an ongoing line of toys based on it. They are also equipped with special hi-tech backpacks called "pup packs" that contain tools relating to the pups' jobs. They all reside in doghouses that transform into customized vehicles, or "pupmobiles", for their missions. Each dog has a specific set of skills based on emergency services professions, such as a firefighter, a police officer, and an aviation pilot. They work together on missions to protect the shoreside community of Adventure Bay and surrounding areas. The series focuses on a young boy named Ryder who leads a crew of search and rescue dogs that call themselves the PAW Patrol. The series premiered on Nickelodeon in the United States on August 12, 2013. TVO first ran previews of the show in August 2013. In Canada, the series is primarily broadcast on TVOntario as part of the TVOKids programing block. PAW Patrol is a Canadian computer-animated children's television series created by Keith Chapman and produced by Spin Master Entertainment, with animation provided by Guru Studio. Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonioĭepartamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP IIDepartment of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil IDepartment of Diagnostics and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Grisi I Sérgio Luiz de Souza Salvador II Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio I Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação do Carisolv™ não promoveu benefícios adicionais àqueles obtidos com a terapia mecânica convencional na remoção do cálculo subgengival.Įfficacy of Carisolv as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing on subgingival calculus removalĭaniela C. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre os grupos com relação ao tempo requerido para os diferentes tratamentos, assim como quanto ao percentual de cálculo residual. Em seguida, os dentes foram extraídos e avaliados quanto ao percentual de cálculo residual, por meio de um sistema computadorizado de análise de imagens. O tempo despendido e o número de movimentos realizados para a instrumentação das superfícies radiculares foram avaliados durante o tratamento. Foram utilizados 45 dentes indicados para a exodontia devido à doença periodontal avançada, os quais foram divididos em três grupos de tratamento: 1) RAR apenas 2) placebo + RAR 3) Carisolv™ + RAR. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da aplicação subgengival do gel Carisolv™ em associação aos procedimentos de raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR) na remoção do cálculo dental aderido à superfície radicular, quando comparado à terapia periodontal mecânica convencional. Scaling and root planing periodontal treatment calculus Carisolv™ The subgingival application of Carisolv™ gel prior to SRP did not provide any additional benefit to root instrumentation compared to scaling and root planing alone. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the treatment groups regarding either time required for instrumentation or the percentage of residual calculus. After extraction, the efficacy of root surface instrumentation was measured by percentage of remaining calculus. Instrumentation time and the number of strokes required were recorded. Either test or placebo gel was applied subgingivally for 1 min and then the root were instrumented until a smooth and calculus-free surface was achieved. Forty-five teeth requiring extraction due to severe periodontal disease were randomized to the following treatments: 1) SRP alone 2) placebo gel + SRP 3) Carisolv™ gel + SRP. Also, deposit removal with periodontal maintenance patients could be explored.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of subgingival application of Carisolv™ gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) on calculus removal compared to conventional instrumentation. Future studies include implementing this study design with a larger sample size and/or modifying the study design to include multiple clinicians who are data collectors. This research design could be used as a foundation for continued research in this field. Therefore, under similar conditions, both technologies removed the same amount of calculus. The null hypothesis was accepted indicating that there is no statistically significant difference in calculus removal when comparing technologies (p≤0.05). The repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the pre- and post-test calculus data (p≤0.05). Immediately after instrumentation, the data collector then conducted the post-test calculus evaluation. A maximum time of 20 minutes of instrumentation was allowed with each technology. One clinician instrumented the pre-assigned quadrants. Subjects were required to have size 2 or 3 calculus deposit on the 6 predetermined sites. Calculus size was evaluated using ordinal measurements on a 4 point scale (0, 1, 2, 3). A data collector, blind to treatment assignment, assessed the calculus on 6 predetermined tooth sites before and after ultrasonic instrumentation. The magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments were used in 2 assigned contra-lateral quadrants on each participant. The null hypothesis stated that there is no statistically significant difference in calculus removal between the 2 instruments.Ī quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was used. This pilot study compared the clinical endpoints of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments on calculus removal. |
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